Neurofeedback: Training for the brain

Neurofeedback is an innovative form of therapy that aims to optimize the function of the brain. It is a special type of biofeedback, in which brain activity is measured and reported back in real time. Through targeted feedback signals, the patient can learn to consciously regulate his brain activity and thereby relieve or even overcome psychological and physical complaints. This article explains the basics of neurofeedback, its applications and the scientific background.

What is neurofeedback?

Neurofeedback is a non-invasive method based on measuring the brain waves. These are recorded by electrodes on the patient’s scalp and depicted in real time on a screen. The patient receives visual or auditory feedback (feedback) through his current brain activity during the session. Through these feedback, he can learn to influence his brain activity in a targeted manner and to steer them in healthy, optimal paths.

The basic principle of neurofeedback is based on the realization that the brain is plastic, i.e. the ability has to change and adapt. Through regular neurofeedback training, the brain can learn to develop new patterns that have a positive effect on behavior, emotions and cognitive performance.

How does neurofeedback work?

Neurofeedback begins with a detailed analysis of brain activity, mostly in the form of an EEG (electroencephalogram). Electrodes are attached to the scalp that measure the electrical impulses of the brain. These signals are shown in the form of brain waves that are divided into different frequencies:

• Delta waves (0.5–4 Hz): Dominate in deep sleep.
• Theta waves (4–8 Hz): are associated with relaxation and creativity.
• Alpha waves (8–12 Hz): stand for relaxed awake and meditative conditions.
• Beta waves (12–30 Hz): Connected with vigilance, concentration and active thinking.
• Gamma waves (30–100 Hz): Higher cognitive functions and consciousness processes.

During the neurofeedback session, the patient is asked to concentrate on a visual signal, a computer game or a film, the progress of which depends on its brain activity. If the brain goes into the desired state, the patient receives positive feedback, e.g. B. by progressing the film or winning the game. Progress stalls in the event of undesirable brain activity. Over time, the brain learns to accept healthier and more efficient activity patterns through these reward systems.

Areas of application of neurofeedback

Neurofeedback is used to treat a large number of mental and neurological disorders. The most common areas of application include:

1. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Neurofeedback helps to stabilize brain activity that is often unbalanced in people with ADHD. Studies show that it improves the ability to concentrate and reduces hyperactive behavior.
2. Anxiety disorders: People with anxiety disorders often have excessive activity in certain brain areas. Neurofeedback can help regulate this overactivity and thus reduce feelings of fear.
3. Depression: The modulation of the brain waves can be alleviated by depressive symptoms by training the brain on healthier activity patterns.
4. epilepsy: Neurofeedback can reduce the frequency and intensity of seizures by promoting the stability of brain activity.
5. Sleep disorders: By training brain waves associated with relaxation and sleep, neurofeedback can help improve sleep.
6. Migraines and chronic pain: By regulating the sensation of pain in the brain, neuro -feedback can help reduce the frequency and intensity of migraine attacks and chronic pain.
7. Performance increase: Healthy people also use neurofeedback to increase their cognitive performance, be it in sports, in music or in other high -performance areas. The training improves the ability to focus in stressful situations.

The scientific foundations

The effectiveness of neurofeedback is the subject of intensive research. While some studies demonstrate significant positive effects, especially in ADHD and anxiety disorders, there are also critical voices that require further investigations. An essential factor is the individual adjustment of the training to the respective patient, since the brain of every person is unique and reacts differently to neurofeedback.

In addition, the success of neurofeedback is based on the regularity of the training and the long -term effect, since the brain needs continuous repetition to permanently establish new patterns. However, many users report significant improvements in their everyday life, be it through reduced symptoms or increased cognitive skills.

How does a neurofeedback treatment work?

A neurofeedback treatment begins with a detailed diagnosis in which the patient’s specific needs and goals are determined. This is followed by the EEG measurement to analyze individual brain activities. On the basis of this data, a tailor -made training program is created.

A typical neurofeedback session takes about 30 to 60 minutes and is carried out in a quiet environment. The patient sits relaxed in front of a screen while the electrodes monitor brain activity. Over several sessions, the brain learns to regulate itself better. Depending on the disorder and objective, the entire course of treatment can take several weeks to months.

Conclusion

Neurofeedback is a fascinating and promising methodthat has the potential to train the brain in a targeted manner and thus significantly improve the quality of life. Whether in the treatment of mental disorders or to increase mental performance – ne